The Ain es-Sira Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) pilot progamme in Egypt is one of the first of its kind to be launched in the Arab world. The programme works with ultra-poor families, especially mothers and female heads of households with school-aged children, in the Cairene slum of Ain es-Sira. The case study describes a pilot which served as an experimental research model for scaling up such the scheme at the national level and provides insights into its impact.